Assessing the Relationship Between Propagule Pressure and by Committee on Assessing Numeric Limits for Living Organisms
By Committee on Assessing Numeric Limits for Living Organisms in Ballast Water, Water Science and Technology Board, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council
The human-mediated creation of species to areas of the area they can by no means succeed in by way of traditional ability has had nice affects at the surroundings, the financial system, and society. within the ocean, those invasions have lengthy been mediated by means of the uptake and next free up of ballast water in ocean-going vessels. expanding global alternate and a concomitantly turning out to be international delivery fleet composed of bigger and speedier vessels, mixed with a sequence of renowned ballast-mediated invasions over the last twenty years, have triggered energetic nationwide and overseas curiosity in ballast water administration. Assessing the connection among propagule strain and invasion danger in ballast water informs the legislation of ballast water by means of aiding the Environmental safety enterprise (EPA) and the U.S. Coast safeguard (USCG) larger comprehend the connection among the focus of dwelling organisms in ballast water discharges and the likelihood of nonindigenous organisms effectively developing populations in U.S. waters. The record evaluates the risk-release dating within the context of differing environmental and ecological stipulations, together with estuarine and freshwater platforms in addition to the waters of the three-mile territorial sea. It recommends how a number of methods can be utilized by way of regulatory businesses to top tell threat administration judgements at the allowable concentrations of dwelling organisms in discharged ballast water as a way to defend opposed to the institution of recent aquatic nonindigenous species, and to guard and defend present indigenous populations of fish, shellfish, and natural world and different worthwhile makes use of of the nation's waters. Assessing the connection among propagule strain and invasion chance in ballast water presents invaluable info that may be utilized by federal companies, similar to the EPA, coverage makers, environmental scientists, and researchers.--Publisher's description.
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Additional info for Assessing the Relationship Between Propagule Pressure and Invasion Risk in Ballast Water
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C. Dobbs. 2005. Potential invasion of microorganisms and pathogens via ‘interior hull fouling’: Biofilms inside ballastwater tanks. Biological Invasions 7:969–982. Drake, L. , M. A. Doblin, and F. C. Dobbs. 2007. Potential microbial bioinvasions via ships’ ballast water, sediment, and biofilm. Marine Pollution Bulletin 55:333–341. , C. van Overdijk, S. Bailey, P. Jenkins, H. Limén and H. MacIsaac. 2005. Invertebrates associated with residual ballast water and sediments of cargo-carrying ships entering the Great Lakes.
Carlton, and C. L. Secor. 1993. Exotic species in the Great Lakes: A history of biotic crises and anthropogenic introductions. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19:1–54. Minton, M. , E. Verling, A. W. Miller, and G. M. Ruiz. 2005. Reducing propagule supply and coastal invasions via ships: effects of emerging strategies. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:304–308. , P. Gruszka, and J. Rokicka-Praxmajer. 2006. A home away from home: a meiobenthic assemblage in a ship’s ballast water tank sediment.
2004; Vancouver); Carlton and Geller (1993; Coos Bay). (2005; Great Lakes). Gastrotrich data from Carlton (1985). (2007). , 2007; Doblin et al. 2007). To the Committee’s knowledge, no one has undertaken a metagenomics study (cf. , 2011) of bacteria or viruses in a ballast water context. ORGANISM CONCENTRATION IN BALLAST WATER As with community composition, the concentration of organisms present within a ship’s ballast water exhibits temporal and spatial variation. This is driven in part by differences in the organism abundances among sources and seasons, but there can also be significant differences in the ballast assemblages of two nearly identical vessels, when sailing from the same port and time period, reflecting the patchy distribution of plankton during ballast operations.